GRiD55AA 001 1APPEND 2500 848 1ASSIGN 3348 845 1ATTRIB 4193 892 1BACKUP 5085 1423 1BATCHFILES 6508 1221 1BREAK 7729 716 1CHCP 8445 429 1CHDIR 8874 736 1CHKDSK 9610 707 1CLS 10317 55 1COMMAND 10372 668 1COMP 11040 426 1CONFIG 11466 254 2BACKLITE 11720 760 2BOLDFONT 12480 536 2COLORMAP 13016 573 2CURSOR 13589 443 2DISK 14032 279 2DISPLAY 14311 544 2EXPAND 14855 876 2FONT 15731 662 2FRAMECOLOR 16393 492 2HARDDISK 16885 1478 2HELP 18363 173 2HZ 18536 581 2MAXCONTRAST 19117 723 2MGACOMP 19840 585 2MEM 20425 581 2MODEM 21006 684 2MODEMSPEAKER 21690 462 2MODEMSWITCHES 22152 1200 2NUMPAD 23352 824 2POSITION 24176 539 2RESETVGA 24715 452 2ROM 25167 591 2SCREENSIZE 25758 1400 2SERIAL 27158 809 2SPEED 27967 630 2VGA 28597 805 2VIDEO 29402 1177 2? 30579 173 1CONFIG.SYS 30752 470 1COPY 31222 1189 1CTTY 32411 441 1DATE 32852 388 1DEL 33240 524 1DEVICES 33764 320 1DIR 34084 605 1DISKCOMP 34689 950 1DISKCOPY 35639 995 1DISPLAY 36634 1625 1DISPLAY.SYS 38259 1149 1EDLIN 39408 865 1EMM 40273 498 1EXE2BIN 40771 273 1EXIT 41044 233 1FASTOPEN 41277 807 1FDISK 42084 420 1FC 42504 1524 1FIND 44028 660 1FORMAT 44688 1320 1FORMATLD 46008 489 1GRAFTABL 46497 463 1GRAPHICS 46960 1094 1GRID386 48054 512 1GRIDCACHE 48566 632 1GRiDSCAN 49198 654 1HELP 49852 461 1JOIN 50313 430 1KEYBOARD 50743 611 1LABEL 51354 359 1LINK 51713 618 1LOGICALDRIVE 52331 1744 1LOWPOWER 54075 608 1MKDIR 54683 411 1MODE 55094 210 2OPTION1 55304 548 2OPTION2 55852 1820 2OPTION3 57672 794 2OPTION4 58466 376 2OPTION5 58842 681 2OPTION6 59523 402 2OPTION7 59925 217 2OPTION8 60142 283 1MODEM 60425 78 1MORE 60503 344 1NLSFUNC 60847 623 1PATH 61470 700 1PRINT 62170 1634 1PRINTER.SYS 63804 858 1PROMPT 64662 1287 1RAMDRIVE 65949 1089 1RECOVER 67038 793 1REN 67831 514 1REPLACE 68345 675 1RESTORE 69020 1407 1RMDIR 70427 258 1SET 70685 280 1SETPASS 70965 888 1SHARE 71853 604 1SHOWMEM 72457 261 1SORT 72718 523 1SUBST 73241 816 1SYS 74057 569 1SYSTEMSPEED 74626 607 1TIME 75233 630 1TREE 75863 253 1TYPE 76116 274 1VER 76390 281 1VERIFY 76671 556 1VOL 77227 248 1XCOPY 77475 2129 1TopicMenu 79604 1776 1HelpDisplay 81380 1690 1Subtopics 83070 659 0The APPEND command sets a search path for data files.  APPEND has the 
following format.

First use only:

APPEND [/X] [/E]

To specify directories to be searched:

APPEND [d:][path][;[d:][path]...]

The /X and /E switches can be specified only the first time the APPEND 
command is issued.  The /X switch extends the functionality of APPEND so 
that more programs can take advantage of its search path.  The /E switch 
causes appended paths to be stored in the MS-DOS environment where they 
can be accessed by other programs.

If you are using the ASSIGN command, you must use the APPEND command 
before ASSIGN.

EXAMPLE: You may want to access data files in a directory called Sales on 
drive C, and in a directory called Leads on drive A.  To do this use the 
following commands:

APPEND /X

APPEND C:\Sales;A:\Leads
The ASSIGN command changes the device letter MS-DOS automatically assigns 
to a particular device.  The command is useful if your application 
program requires that you put data files on diskettes, and you prefer to 
use some other storage medium--for example, a hard disk.

ASSIGN has the following format:

ASSIGN [d1 = d2] ...

where d1 is the letter of the device to be reassigned and d2 is the 
letter of the device to be used in place of d1.  If you omit both d1 and 
d2, MS-DOS cancels any previously made assignments.

You can make multiple assignments in the same command, separating each 
with a comma or blank as shown below:

ASSIGN A=C B=D

EXAMPLE: The command

ASSIGN A=C

tells MS-DOS to assign to drive C all requests for drive A.  Subsequently,
 all commands using the device letter A refer to drive C.
The ATTRIB command sets or resets the read-only and archive attributes of 
a file; displays the attributes of a file.  For example if an application 
opens a file that is set to read and write, ATTRIB can force read-only 
mode to allow file sharing over a network.  ATTRIB has the following 
format:

ATTRIB [+x -x] [d:] filespec [/S]

Where +x and -x represent the following switches:

+R     Sets the file to read-only
-R     Sets the file to read-write
+A     Sets the archive attribute of a file
-A     Deletes the archive attribute of a file

The /S switch causes ATTRIB to process all subdirectories as well as the 
path specified.

EXAMPLES: The command

/ATTRIB +r b:\mydir\myfile.txt

sets the file b:\mydir\myfile.txt to read-only.

The command

ATTRIB *.* /S

displays the attributes for all files in the current directory and in its 
subdirectories.
The BACKUP command backs up files from one disk to another.  When used to 
backup a hard disk, the BACKUP command lets you sequentially store files 
on one or more diskettes.  Files backed up with BACKUP are not 
immediately accessible; you must use the RESTORE command to return the 
files to their original locations to make them usable.  BACKUP has the 
following format:

BACKUP d1:[pathname] d2: [/S][/M][/A][/D:mm-dd-yy][/T:hh:mm]
       [/L:filename][/F]

where

d1     Specifies the disk drive to back up.  If you don't specify
       pathname, files in the current directory are backed up; 
       otherwise, the specified directory is backed up.
d2     Specifies the backup disk drive.
/S     Backs up files in subdirectories, as well as the specified 
       directory.
/M     Backs up only files that have been modified since the last backup. 
/A     Adds backup files to the backup diskette.  If you omit this
       switch, BACKUP erases the backup diskette before backing up 
       files.
/D     Backs up only files modified on or after the specified date.
/T     Backs up only files modified at or after the specified time.
/L     Creates a backup log file in which filenames are logged as they
       are backed up.
/F     Formats the backup disk if it is not already formatted.

EXAMPLE:  The command

BACKUP C: A: /S

backs up all files on disk drive C to disk drive A.
A batch file contains DOS commands and has the extension .BAT.  You can 
create a batch file with any text editor.  When you type in the name of 
the file and press RETURN, MS-DOS executes the commands in the batch 
file.

When the computer is first started, MS-DOS searches for a batch file 
named AUTOEXEC.BAT.  If AUTOEXEC.BAT is found, MS-DOS automatically 
executes the commands in it and suppresses the date and time prompts that 
normally appear.

Special batch file commands include:  CALL, ECHO, FOR, GOTO, IF, PAUSE, 
REM, and SHIFT.  You can create a batch file with replaceable parameters 
which you specify when you execute the command.  See the chapter on Batch 
Files in the MS-DOS Reference manual for details.

EXAMPLE: The following is an example of a batch file which does a 
directory of drive A, types out the contents of a file on the screen, and 
renames a file.

DIR A: TYPE YOURFILE.TXT REN YOURFILE.TXT MYFILE.TXT

SYNTAX:  The following lists the syntax for each batch command:

CALL filespec

ECHO [ON | OFF | message]

FOR %%c IN set DO command     or     FOR %c IN set DO command

GOTO label

IF condition command

PAUSE [comment]

REM [comment]

SHIFT
The BREAK command enables you to extend when MS-DOS checks for a CTRL-C 
keystroke.  BREAK has the following format:

BREAK [ON | OFF]

Depending on the program you are running, CTRL-C may be used to interrupt 
processing.  The break command lets you extend when MS-DOS checks for a 
CTRL-C keystroke.  BREAK provides the following functions:

BREAK OFF  MS-DOS checks to see if CTRL-C has been typed only while it
           is reading from the keyboard, writing to the screen,
           or a printer.

BREAK ON   MS-DOS additionally checks to see if CTRL-C has been typed
           during disk reads and writes and other functions.

BREAK      Displays the current setting (on or off) of BREAK.
The CHCP command displays or changes the current code page for the 
command processing COMMAND.COM.  The command syntax is

CHCP [nnn]

where nnn is the code page.  Valid code pages are:  437 (United States), 
850 (Multilingual), 860 (Portuguese), 863 (Canadian-French), 865 
(Nordic).  

To see what the current code page setting is, type CHCP.

The NLSFUNC command must be loaded prior to issuing the CHCP command.
The CHDIR (or CD for change directory) command either changes your 
current directory or displays the name of your current directory.  CHDIR 
has either of the following formats:

CHDIR [pathname] CD [pathname]

where pathname consists of one or more subdirectory names specifying the 
new current directory.

EXAMPLES: The command

CD \SALES\EAST\EXPENSES

changes the current directory to EXPENSES.  The short-hand notation .. 
used with the command changes the current directory to the parent 
directory. For example,

CD ..

changes the current directory in the above example to EAST.  To find out 
what directory you are currently using, enter

CD

To return directly to the root directory, enter:

CD \
The CHKDSK (check disk) command looks for errors in the indicated 
directory and, if you so specify, attempts to repair the errors it finds. 
CHKDSK also displays a report showing current usage of main memory and 
the storage media specified in the command.  CHKDSK has the following 
format:

CHKDSK [d:][filespec] [/F] [/V]

where

d:     The device to be checked.  If you do not specify a device, the 
       default device is checked.

/F     CHKDSK repairs as well as reports the errors it finds.

/V     CHKDSK displays additional information as it executes.

If you specify a filespec, CHKDSK reports on whether or not the specified 
file(s) occupies contiguous space on the disk.
The CLS (clear screen) command erases the screen.


COMMAND starts a new command processor (the MS-DOS program COMMAND.COM 
that contains all internal commands).  COMMAND has the following format:

COMMAND [d:pathname] [cttydev] [/P] [/E:size] [/C:command string]

where

d:pathname specifies where the COMMAND.COM file is located. cttydev 
specifies a different device than the keyboard for input.

/P     Tells COMMAND.COM not to exit to any higher level.
/E     Specifies the environment size, in bytes.  The default is
       160 bytes.  The range is between 160 and 32768 bytes.
/C     Specifies a command string that is to be executed, after which
       COMMAND.COM exits to the next higher level.
The COMP command compares the contents of two files or sets of files.  
The COMP command has the following format:

COMP [filespec1] [filespec2]

If you don't enter the filespec options, COMP prompts you for them.  You 
can use the wildcard characters (* and ?) to specify filenames.

For each pair of files compared, a message is displayed for each location 
in the two files that contains mismatching information.
The CONFIG command provides the GRiD-specific configuration needed to 
optimize your GRiD laptop computer.  Move the highlight bar, and press 
RETURN to display help on a specific option.  Type CONFIG to display a 
list of CONFIG command settings.

Controls how long screen backlighting stays on.

The CONFIG BACKLITE command controls the backlighting for those GRiD 
computers that have backlit screens.  Specify as follows:

CONFIG BACKLITE = ON | OFF | n

where n is a number of minutes from 1 to 60.

On computers with backlit displays, the backlighting can be controlled in 
3 different ways. Specify the OFF option to turn OFF the backlighting. 
For continuous backlighting, specify the ON option. 

For automatic control of the backlighting, specify a number between 1 and 
60. If a number is specified, the computer will turn off the backlighting 
after that number of minutes if there was no keyboard input during that 
time interval.  Pressing any key turns the backlight on again.
Specifies how characters are displayed.

The CONFIG BOLDFONT command controls how characters appear on the 
built-in display.  This option is valid only for the built-in VGA 
display.  The format is:

CONFIG BOLDFONT=ON|OFF

ON indicates regular characters are to be displayed as bold and bold 
characters are displayed in another font.  This is an extension to VGA to 
improve the image displayed on a flat panel display. 

OFF indicates characters are generated normally on the built-in display.  
This is standard VGA.
Determines how colors are mapped on the display.

The CONFIG COLORMAP command determines how colors are mapped to the 
internal monochrome display. Some programs designed for color displays 
may be more readable with a different color mapping mode. Specify as 
follows:

CONFIG COLORMAP = n

where n is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8.

You can change the color mapping mode directly from the keyboard by 
pressing CTRL-ALT-FN-RightArrow or CTRL-ALT-FN-LeftArrow.  Each time you 
press one of these keystrokes, the display changes to the next color 
mapping mode.
Determines the blink and shape of the cursor.

The CONFIG CURSOR command is used to control the appearance of the 
cursor. Specify as follows:

CONFIG CURSOR = [LINE | BLOCK]  [,BLINK | ,NOBLINK]

If you specify LINE, the cursor appears as a short underline.  If you 
specify BLOCK, the cursor appears as a small highlighted rectangle.

If you specify BLINK, the cursor blinks.  If you specify NOBLINK, the 
cursor does not blink.
Controls power to an internal floppy disk drive.

The CONFIG DISK command controls power to an internal floppy disk. 
Specify as follows:

CONFIG DISK = ON | OFF

The default setting is OFF.  Specify ON only for those programs that 
access the disk controller directly.
Sets the screen display.

The CONFIG DISPLAY command sets the screen display.  The syntax is:

CONFIG DISPLAY = NORMAL | REVERSE 

where

NORMAL    Displays normally.  On an LCD display, black characters 
          display on a white background.  This is the same as pressing 
          CTRL-ALT-FN-BKSP when in reverse display.

REVERSE   Displays in reverse.  On an LCD display, this displays white 
          characters on a black background.  This is the same as 
          pressing CTRL-ALT-FN-BKSP when in reverse display.
Specifies the font for the internal display.

The CONFIG EXPAND command indicates the font for the internal display.  
This option is valid only for the built-in VGA display.  The format of 
the command is:

CONFIG EXPAND = ON | OFF

ON is an extension to VGA to improve the image displayed on a 640x480 
flat panel display.  In text mode, 640x480 of the built-in display is 
used to display characters using an expanded 8x19 font.  In 640x200 and 
640x350 graphics modes, the image is displayed using 640x480 of the LCD 
display through the use of an expansion algorithm.

OFF is the standard VGA.  In text mode, 640x400 of the built-in display 
is used to display characters using the standard 8x16 font.  In 640x200 
graphics mode, the image is displayed using 640x400.  In 640x350 graphics 
mode, the image is displayed using 640x350 of the LCD display.
Selects international character set; controls reverse video.

The CONFIG FONT command controls character display on the screen. Specify 
as follows:

CONFIG FONT = [1|2 [3|4]] [,RVON|RVOFF]

On some GRiD computers, the first parameter selects an international 
character set, as shown below.  The second parameter is not supported.

  1  English character set 
  2  French Canadian character set 
  3  Norwegian character set 
  4  Hebrew character set

On other GRiD computers, the first parameter can be set to 1 or 2 to make 
characters on the screen appear thick or thin, respectively.  The second 
parameter turns reverse video on or off.
Specifies the gray tone for the frame.

The CONFIG FRAMECOLOR command specifies the gray tone for the frame which 
is visible when displaying in a mode which does not use all of the 480 
vertical pixels, such as when the CONFIG EXPAND = OFF command has been 
issued.  This option is valid only for the built-in VGA display.  The 
syntax is:

CONFIG FRAMECOLOR = 0 | 1 | ... | 15

where 0 through 15 specify the shades of gray, with 0 being the darkest 
and 15 being the lightest.
Controls power to an internal hard disk.

The CONFIG HARDDISK command controls power to the internal hard disk. 
This option applies to only some models of GRiD computers.  Specify as 
follows:

CONFIG HARDDISK = ON | OFF | n

where n is a number of minutes from 1 to the maximum allowed by your hard 
disk (never more than 99).

This option is useful for saving battery power by allowing you to turn 
off power to the internal hard disk when it is not being used.  The 
default is ON; this means that the hard disk is always powered on.  
Specify OFF to turn off power immediately to the hard disk.  Or, for 
automatic control, you can specify a number of minutes, after which the 
hard disk is turned off if it has not been accessed.  In any case, the 
hard disk is automatically powered on when a disk access is required.

Each type of hard disk has a different maximum interval that can be set.  
If you specify a number of minutes greater than the maximum allowed, the 
interval is set to the maximum, and you are alerted by a message to the 
actual number of minutes set.

This option does not apply to all types of hard disks; if this option is 
not supported, you are alerted by an error message.

CAUTION: This CONFIG option is designed to help extend battery life. Do 
         not use this option when operating the computer on AC power; 
         doing so causes unnecessary wear on the hard disk and could 
         shorten its life.
Lists all options of the CONFIG command.

The CONFIG HELP or CONFIG ? command lists all the options of the CONFIG 
command.  The syntax is:

CONFIG HELP
or
CONFIG ?
Sets the display refresh for 50Hz or 60Hz.

The CONFIG HZ option matches the display refresh frequency with the AC 
power source frequency to prevent interference between the computer 
display and room lighting. Specify as follows:

CONFIG HZ = 50 | 60

Specify 60 if the machine is being used in the United States. Many other 
countries have an AC frequency of 50. If the internal display is 
difficult to use due to rolling wavy lines, try specifying 50.

The value specified is remembered by the system and will be activated 
every time the computer is turned on.
Specifies contrast for the flat panel display.

The CONFIG MAXCONTRAST command specifies how the color mapping for 
characters is to be done.  This option is valid only for the built-in VGA 
display.  The syntax is:

CONFIG MAXCONTRAST = ON | OFF

ON selects the highest level of contrast possible between a character's 
foreground color and background color. The CONFIG COLORMAP option is not 
active in non-graphics modes when this is on.  ON maximizes the contrast 
when viewing on an LCD display.

OFF is standard VGA compatible.  It maps the color selected by the 
program to a gray scale on the built-in display.

If you are unable to see all the detail on the LCD display, set 
MAXCONTRAST to OFF.
Compensates for horizontal columns.

The CONFIG MGACOMP option compensates for more horizontal columns than 
fit on the display.  It is used when displaying MDA, MGA, or HERC mode or 
VGA 256 Color Graphics Mode 70, which display more than 640 columns.  
This option is valid only for the built-in VGA display.  The syntax is:

CONFIG MGACOMP = LEFT | RIGHT | SKIP | COMBINE

where

LEFT         Displays the left 640 columns.

RIGHT        Displays the right 640 columns.

SKIP         Skips every ninth column.

COMBINE      Combines very eighth and ninth columns.
Controls EMS and Extended memory over 640K.

The CONFIG MEM command provides the capability to configure memory beyond 
640K as EMS memory or Extended memory for GRiD computers using an 80286 
microprocessor.  Specify as follows:

CONFIG MEM = EMS | EXT

If you select EMS, memory beyond 640K is configured as EMS memory.  If 
you select EXT, memory beyond 640K is configured as Extended memory. 
After changing the memory configuration, you must reboot your computer 
for it to take effect.  The setting you choose is maintained even when 
the computer power is off.
Controls internal modem power.

The CONFIG MODEM command switches on or off the power to the internal 
modem and assigns to it a device name.  This version of the CONFIG 
command has the following format:

CONFIG MODEM = ON | OFF | COM1 | COM2 | NONE

where

ON      Turns the modem on if a COM port is assigned.

OFF     Turns the modem off.

COM1    Assigns the modem to the COM1 port and turns the power on.

COM2    Assigns the modem to the COM2 port and turns the power on.

NONE    No port is assigned to the modem.

After executing CONFIG MODEM=ON, the following communications parameters 
are in effect:  1200 baud, no parity, 8 databits, and 1 stopbit.
Turns the internal speaker on or off.

The CONFIG MODEMSPEAKER command turns the internal speaker on or off 
while the modem is dialing and waiting for a connection.  The format of 
the command is:

CONFIG MODEMSPEAKER = ON | OFF

ON turns the speaker on while the modem is dialing so you can hear what 
is happening on the phone line.  The speaker automatically turns off when 
a connection is made.

OFF indicates the speaker is off at all times.
Controls the modem switch settings.

The CONFIG MODEMSWITCHES command controls the Hayes Smartmodem switch 
settings emulated by the internal modem.  The syntax of the command is:

CONFIG MODEMSWITCHES = xxxxxxxx

where the xxxxxxxx parameter represents the Hayes Smartmodem switches 
that are emulated in software.  The setting is initially UDDDDUUD (U 
stands for UP or ON, while D stands for DOWN or OFF).

The table below reflects the meaning of each switch setting.

Switch 1  UP    Modem requires DTR active. 
          DOWN  Modem does not require DTR active.

Switch 2  UP    Result codes sent as English words. 
          DOWN  Result codes sent as digits.

Switch 3  UP    No result codes sent. 
          DOWN  Result codes are sent.

Switch 4  UP    Echo characters when in command mode. 
          DOWN  No echo.

Switch 5  UP    Auto answer on first ring. 
          DOWN  Do not answer.

Switch 6  UP    Carrier detect real. 
          DOWN  Carrier detect forced.

Switch 7  UP    Always up.

Switch 8  UP    Disables command recognition. 
          DOWN  Enables command recognition.

Switches 1 through 6 are selectable when using an MNP modem.
Enables/disables the internal numeric keypad.

The CONFIG NUMPAD command enables and disables the numeric keypad 
embedded in the internal keyboard.  This CONFIG option applies to only 
GRiD computers with a keyboard firmware date of 5/19/88 or later.  
Specify as follows:

CONFIG NUMPAD = ON | OFF

Normally, the internal numeric keypad is enabled and disabled by the 
NUMLOCK key; however, some applications may erroneously force the 
keyboard into NUMLOCK mode.  In such cases, you can use the CONFIG NUMPAD 
command to disable the internal numeric keypad.  You can still access the 
internal numeric keypad by holding down the FN key while pressing a 
numeric keypad key.

Note that if a GRiD external numeric keypad is connected to the system, 
the internal numeric keypad is automatically disabled.
Sets the location of the image.

The CONFIG POSITION command sets the location of the image when the 
display does not use all 480 vertical pixels, such as when CONFIG EXPAND 
= OFF is set.  This option is valid only for the built-in VGA display.  
The syntax is:

CONFIG POSITION = TOP | CENTER | BOTTOM

where

TOP     Indicates the image will be at the top of the display panel.

CENTER  Indicates the image will be centered on the display panel.

BOTTOM  Indicates the image will be at the bottom of the display panel.
Resets the VGA display.

The CONFIG RESETVGA command resets the VGA display to the factory 
defaults.  The syntax is:

CONFIG RESETVGA

The factory defaults are:

CONFIG BACKLITE = 2
CONFIG BOLDFONT = ON
CONFIG COLORMAP = 1
CONFIG DISPLAY = NORMAL
CONFIG EXPAND = ON
CONFIG FRAMECOLOR = 15
CONFIG MAXCONTRAST = ON
CONFIG MGACOMP = COMBINE
CONFIG POSITION = CENTER
CONFIG SCREENSIZE = 80,25
CONFIG VGA = VGA
CONFIG VIDEO = INTERNAL
Determines which device ROM files are appended to.

The CONFIG ROM command sets the device letter that all ROM files, if 
available, are appended to.  Specify as follows:

CONFIG ROM = A | B | C | OFF

If you select A, B or C, ROM files are appended to drives A, B, or C, 
respectively.  If you select OFF, ROM files are not appended to any drive,
 and thus are not available for use.

If you specify drive C, this setting is saved, even when the computer is 
powered off.  If you select any other device, this setting is reset to 
drive A every time the computer is rebooted.
Indicates the columns and rows to be displayed.

The CONFIG SCREENSIZE command supports nonstandard alphanumeric display 
modes on a VGA display.  The syntax is:

CONFIG SCREENSIZE = cols,rows

where cols and rows are an exact combination of characters and lines 
selected from the lists below for the monitor being used.

For systems with a VGA panel:

Internal and external monitor:  40,25           80,25
                                                80,60

Analog multifrequency monitor:  100,30         132,30
                                100,50         132,50
                                               132,60

For systems with a VGA cartridge:

Analog multifrequency monitor:  80, 25         132, 25
                                80, 28         132, 28
                                80, 43         132, 43
                                80, 50         132, 50

Analog fixed frequency monitor: 80, 25
                                80, 28
                                80, 43
                                80, 50

All digital monitors:           80, 25         132, 25
                                80, 43         132, 43

NOTE: If you are using GRiD386 and are operating the VGA display in any
      of the 43-row modes, you must append this parameter to the GRiD386
      device driver line in your CONFIG.SYS file: VIDMEM=A000-C000.
Controls power to the internal serial port.

The CONFIG SERIAL command switches on or off power to the internal serial 
port on computers and assigns the physical device name.  The syntax is:

CONFIG SERIAL = ON | OFF | COM1 | COM2 | NONE

where

ON    Turns on power to the serial port.

OFF   Turns off power to the serial port.

COM1  Sets the serial port to COM1 and turns power on to the 
      serial port.

COM2  Sets the serial port to COM2 and turns power on to the 
      serial port.

NONE  No COM port is assigned to the serial port.

Immediately after you turn on the power to the serial port, the following 
protocol is in effect for serial communications:  2400 baud, no parity, 8 
databits, and 1 stopbit.  To change these settings, use Option 3 of the 
MODE command.
Switches between fast and slow processor speeds.

The CONFIG SPEED command switches the processor between fast and slow 
speeds on GRiD computers that have multi-speed processors. Specify as 
follows:

CONFIG SPEED = FAST | SLOW

If you select FAST, the processor runs at its high speed.  If you select 
SLOW, the processor runs at its slow speed.  If some programs don't seem 
to work properly at the higher speed, try switching to the slow speed.

You can change the processor speed directly from the keyboard by pressing 
CTRL-ALT-FN-DownArrow to select slow speed, or CTRL-ALT-FN-UpArrow to 
select fast speed.
Sets the VGA emulation mode.

The CONFIG VGA command sets the VGA emulation mode for built-in VGA 
display and for the VGA cartridge.  The format of the command is:

CONFIG VGA = VGA | EGA | CGA | MGA | HERC | MDA | AUTO

where

VGA    Sets display to VGA mode (default).

EGA    Sets display to EGA mode; emulates IBM Enhanced Graphics Adapter.

CGA    Sets display to CGA mode; emulates IBM Color Graphics Adapter.

MGA    Sets display to emulate the Hercules Graphics Card, also known
       as the Monochrome Graphics Adapter.

HERC   Sets display to emulate the Hercules Graphics Card.

MDA    Sets display to emulate the IBM Monochrome Display Adapter.

AUTO   Sets display to automatically sense the video mode that the 
       application is using and switch to that mode.
Specifies the display monitor for video output.

The CONFIG VIDEO command controls the display monitor for video output.  
The format is:

CONFIG VIDEO = INTERNAL | EXTERNAL | CARTRIDGE | OFF

where

INTERNAL    Turns on the internal display.  This is equivalent to 
            pressing CTRL-ALT-TAB when on an external display.

EXTERNAL    Turns on the video output connector on the rear panel of 
            the computer.  Screen output is displayed on an external 
            monitor connected to the video output connector.  This is 
            equivalent to pressing CTRL-ALT-TAB when on an internal 
            display.

CARTRIDGE   Turns on the VGA cartridge.

CARD        Turns on the VGA adapter card in the expansion chassis.
            If a VGA adapter card is installed, this option activates
            the monitor connected to the VGA adapter card.

OFF         Turns off the internal VGA circuit to allow for a VGA 
            cartridge or card.

On computers with the VGA display option, you can switch between the 
internal display and the external display only when the display is in VGA 
mode (i.e., CONFIG VGA = VGA).
Lists all options of the CONFIG command.

The CONFIG ? or CONFIG HELP command lists all the options of the CONFIG 
command.  The syntax is:

CONFIG ?
or
CONFIG HELP
CONFIG.SYS allows you to add devices to your computer and to control 
special MS-DOS features such as internal buffer space.  CONFIG.SYS is a 
text file that you can edit with any text editor.

When MS-DOS is started, it checks the contents of the CONFIG.SYS file on 
the current drive for configuration commands.  These commands remain in 
effect until the next time MS-DOS is started.

See the MS-DOS Reference manual for a complete discussion of CONFIG.SYS.
The COPY command duplicates one or more source files to one or more 
destination files.  The COPY command has the following format when 
copying data to a file:

COPY filespec1 [filespec2] [/V] [/A] [/B]
or
COPY filespec1 [/V] [/A] [/B] [filespec2]

where filespec1 is one or more source files and filespec2 is one or more 
destination files.  You can specify either an existing file or a new file 
for filespec2.

Specifying /V causes MS-DOS to verify that data on the destination device 
is readable.  The /A and /B options are for the special handling of ASCII 
and binary files.

COPY can also be used to join two or more source files into one 
destination file.  Simply separate the source files in a COPY command 
with plus signs. For example, the command

COPY A+B BIGFILE

copies the files A and B into one large file named BIGFILE.

EXAMPLES: The command

COPY MYFILE.TXT YOURFILE.TXT

copies the file MYFILE.TXT into a new file called YOURFILE.TXT.  The 
command

COPY B:*.* A:

copies all the files from drive B to the disk in drive A.  The command

COPY A:*.TXT B:

copies all the files on drive A with the .TXT file extension to drive B.
The CTTY command changes the device from which you issue commands.  CTTY 
has the following format:

CTTY device

device is the device from which you are giving commands to MS-DOS.  This 
command is useful if you want to change the device on which you are 
working.  The command

CTTY AUX

moves all command input/output to an AUX port, such as a serial port.

CTTY CON

returns all command input/output back to the console.
The DATE command displays the current date as recorded by the computer 
and lets you change it, if you wish.  The date you set determines the 
date you see in a file directory noting when the file was created or last 
modified. DATE has the following syntax:

DATE [mm-dd-yy]

The format of the date can be altered by the setting of the COUNTRY 
command in your CONFIG.SYS file.
The DEL (delete) command deletes one or more files from a directory. DEL 
has either of the following formats:

DEL filespec ERASE filespec

where filespec specifies the file(s) to be deleted.

Specifying the wildcards *.* refers to all files in the current 
directory. For example, the following command deletes all the files in 
the current directory:

DEL *.*

Before this command executes, however, the prompt

Are you sure (Y,N)?

appears.  If you type a Y or y (for yes), then all files are deleted.
The DEVICES command lists all of the devices recognized by MS-DOS, along 
with their assigned device letters. The DEVICES command is an easy way of 
determining the device letters for internal and peripheral disk drives 
you have attached to your computer. The DEVICES command has the following 
format:

DEVICES
The DIR (directory) command lists the files on the device and directory 
you specify.  DIR has the following format:

DIR [filespec] [/P] [/W]

where

/P (page) causes the directory to be displayed one screen at a time.

/W (wide display) displays only filenames, across the screen.

EXAMPLES: The command

DIR

displays the names of files in the current directory.  The command

DIR B:

displays the names of files in the current drive B directory.  The 
command

DIR B:\SALES\*.TXT

displays the names of files that have a .TXT extension in the SALES 
subdirectory on drive B.
The DISKCOMP (disk compare) command compares the contents of two 
diskettes.  DISKCOMP issues a message when a mismatch occurs, indicating 
the track number and the side where the mismatch occurred.  DISKCOMP has 
the following format:

DISKCOMP [d1:] [d2:] [/1] [/8]

where

d1,d2  indicate the drives which contain the diskettes to be compared.

/1     DISKCOMP compares only the first side of a two sided diskette.

/8     DISKCOMP compares only 8 sectors per track.

If you do not specify device letters, DISKCOMP assumes that drive A will 
be used to compare both diskettes.  DISKCOMP prompts you to insert each 
diskette when required.

Do not use DISKCOMP to compare a 3 1/2 inch diskette with a 5 1/4 inch 
diskette.  The difference in the number of tracks on each diskette may 
produce an error during the compare process.  Use the FC (File Compare) 
or COMP commands to compare files on media with different formats.
The DISKCOPY command copies the contents of a source diskette to a target 
diskette.  DISKCOPY has the following format:

DISKCOPY [d1:] [d2:]

where d1 specifies the drive containing the diskette to be copied and d2 
specifies the drive containing the destination diskette.

After copying, DISKCOPY prompts:

Copy complete Copy more diskettes (Y/N)?

Press Y if you want to make another copy or N to end the copying 
process.

Use the COPY command rather than the DISKCOPY command to copy files from 
a 3 1/2 inch diskette to a 5 1/4 inch diskette and vice versa.  For 
example, to copy all the files from drive A: (a 3 1/2 inch drive) to 
drive B: (a 5 1/4 inch drive), use the following command:

COPY A:*.* B:

You can use "logical drives" with the DISKCOPY command.  Logical drives 
allow you to use only one disk drive when you copy diskettes.  This is 
useful if you have diskette drives with different capacities.  See the 
LOGICALDRIVE help topic for details.
Several CONFIG and MODE options exist to control the display on your GRiD 
computer. These options are summarized below (see the topic listed for 
more details).

Description         Command                     For More Information 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Set display mode    MODE [n][,L|R][,T]          MODE OPTION2

Set font            CONFIG FONT=[1|2[|3|4]]     CONFIG FONT
                    [,RVON|RVOFF]

                    CONFIG BOLDFONT=ON|OFF      CONFIG BOLDFONT

                    CONFIG EXPAND=ON|OFF        CONFIG EXPAND

Set framecolor      CONFIG FRAMECOLOR=0|1|..|15 CONFIG FRAMECOLOR

VGA emulation       CONFIG VGA=VGA|EGA|CGA|     CONFIG VGA
                    MGA|HERC|MDA|AUTO

Set color map       CONFIG COLORMAP=n           CONFIG COLORMAP 
                    or CTRL-ALT-FN-RightArrow 
                    CTRL-ALT-FN-LeftArrow

Backlight control   CONFIG BACKLITE=ON|OFF|n    CONFIG BACKLITE

Screen display      CONFIG DISPLAY=NORMAL|      CONFIG DISPLAY
                    REVERSE

Refresh rate        CONFIG HZ=50|60             CONFIG HZ

Contrast            CONFIG MAXCONTRAST=ON|OFF   CONFIG MAXCONTRAST

Horizontal column   CONFIG MGACOMP=LEFT|RIGHT|  CONFIG MGACOMP
compensation        SKIP|COMBINE

Image location      CONFIG POSITION=TOP|        CONFIG POSITION
                    CENTER|BOTTOM

Nonstandard         CONFIG SCREENSIZE=cols,rows CONFIG SCREENSIZE
display modes

Display monitor     CONFIG VIDEO=INTERNAL|      CONFIG VIDEO
                    EXTERNAL|CARTRIDGE|CARD|OFF
DISPLAY.SYS is an installable device driver that supports code page 
switching for the console device.

To install DISPLAY.SYS, insert a command line of the following form in 
your CONFIG.SYS file:

DEVICE = [drive:][path]DISPLAY.SYS CON[:]=(type[,[hwcp][,n]])
or
DEVICE = [drive:][path]DISPLAY.SYS CON[:]=(type[,[hwcp][,(n,m)]])

where

type      The display adapter in use.  Valid types are:  MONO, CGA, 
          EGA, and LCD.  If type is omitted, DISPLAY.SYS checks the 
          hardware to select the active display adapter type.  EGA 
          supports both EGA and VGA display adapters.

hwcp      The code page supported by the hardware:  437 (United States),
          850 (Multilingual), 860 (Portugal), 863 (Canadian-French),
          865 (Norway).

n         Number of additional code pages which can be supported (0-12).
          This number is dependent on the hardware.  MONO and CGA do not
          support other fonts, so n must be 0.  For EGA, n can be 3;
          for LCD, 1.

m         Number of sub-fonts that are supported for each code page.
          The default for EGA is 2; for LCD, 1.
The EDLIN (line editor) program is a line oriented text editor that can 
be used to create and edit text files.  The text in files created by 
EDLIN is divided into lines.  Line numbers are displayed by EDLIN during 
the editing process, but are not actually present in the saved file.

EDLIN works by editing, deleting, inserting, and displaying lines.  See 
the EDLIN chapter in the MS-DOS Reference manual for information on using 
EDLIN.

EDLIN commands are summarized below:

line #  displays line to be edited
A       appends lines
C       copies lines
D       deletes lines
E       ends editing
I       inserts lines
L       lists text
M       moves lines
P       pages text
Q       quits editing
R       replaces lines
S       searches text
T       transfers text
W       writes lines 
Ctrl-Z  denotes the end of a line or string.
EMM.SYS is an expanded memory manager compatible with the LIM 
(Lotus/Intel/Microsoft) 4.0 standard that provides access to expanded 
memory if expanded memory is installed in your GRiD computer.  To install 
EMM.SYS, place the following line in your CONFIG.SYS file and restart the 
system:

DEVICE=[d:][path]EMM.SYS [/D]

where

d:path   Refers to the disk and path where you've copied EMM.SYS.

/D       Causes the driver to perform memory diagnostics when 
         it is loaded.
The EXE2BIN command converts .EXE files to .COM files.  This results in a 
saving of disk space and faster program loading.  EXE2BIN has the 
following format:

EXE2BIN filespec1 filespec2

See the MS-DOS Reference manual for further information on using 
EXE2BIN.
The EXIT command exits the COMMAND.COM (command processor) program and 
returns to a previous level, if one exists.  This command is mainly 
useful in conjunction with nested batch files.  EXIT has the following 
format:

EXIT
FASTOPEN decreases the amount of time needed to open frequently used 
files and directories.  Each time you open a file or directory, FASTOPEN 
records its name and location.  Then, if you reopen the file or directory,
 your system immediately knows where to find it.  The FASTOPEN command 
has the following format:

FASTOPEN [d:=nnn][...]]

The number nnn is the number of files for the disk d: that you want 
FASTOPEN to track.  nnn can be in the range 10-999; the default is 10.

You can execute this command only once.  If you want to change the 
setting, you must restart MS-DOS.

FASTOPEN uses approximately 40 bytes of main memory for each file or 
directory it tracks.

The following command causes MS-DOS to track the location of up to 100 
files on drive C:

FASTOPEN c:=100
The FDISK (fixed disk) utility is used to prepare a hard disk for use 
with MS-DOS.  You must perform the following steps to prepare a hard 
disk:

-  Define an area on the hard disk (called a "partition").

-  Format the partition using the FORMAT command.

FDISK is used primarily to create and manage partitions on your hard 
disk. See the chapter on Hard Disk Preparation in the MS-DOS Reference 
manual.
The FC (file compare) command compares the contents of two files.  The 
comparisons are made in one of two ways:  on a line-by-line basis or a 
byte-by-byte basis.  The line-by-line comparison isolates blocks of lines 
that are different between the two files, while the byte-by-byte 
comparison displays the bytes that are different between the two files.  
FC has the following format:

FC [/n /A /B /C /W /L /LBn /N /T] filename1 filename2

FC matches the first file (filename1) against the second file (filename2) 
and reports any differences between them.  FC bases the comparison on the 
following switch settings:

/n     Specifies a number from 1 to 9.  This is the number of lines
       required to match for the files to be considered matching again
       after a difference has been found.  The default is 2.  Only used
       for source files.
/A     Abbreviates the output of an ASCII comparison.
/B     Indicates that files are to be compared byte-by-byte.
/W     Causes FC to compress "whites" (tabs and spaces) during the
       comparison.
/C     Causes the matching process to ignore the case of letters.
/L     Compares the files in ASCII mode.
/LBn   Sets the internal line buffer to n lines. The default length of
       the internal buffer is 100 lines.
/N     Displays the line numbers on an ASCII comparison.
/T     Does not expand tabs to spaces.

See the File Comparison chapter in the MS-DOS Reference manual for 
details on FC's limitations, usage, and reporting.
The FIND command searches for a specific string of text in one or more 
files.  FIND is a filter that takes as options a string enclosed in 
quotes and a series of filenames.  It displays all lines that contain the 
specified string.  If no files are specified, FIND takes the input on the 
screen and displays all lines that contain the specified string.  FIND 
has the following format:

FIND [/V /C /N] "string" [filespec...]

where

/V     FIND displays all lines not containing the specified string.

/C     FIND prints only a count of lines that contained a match.

/N     FIND precedes each line by its relative line number in the file.
The FORMAT command initializes diskettes and hard disks to a format 
usable by MS-DOS.  You must use the command to format storage media 
before it can be used to hold MS-DOS files.  FORMAT has the following 
format:

FORMAT d: [/B] [/V] [/S] [/1] [/8] [/4] [/N:xx] [/T:yy]

where

d:     Specifies a storage device attached to your computer. If you do
       not specify a device, MS-DOS initializes the default device.
/B     Formats the disk, leaving ample space to copy an operating 
       system, such as MS-DOS 3.3  You cannot use the /V or 
       the /S switches with the /B switch.
/V     Causes FORMAT to prompt you for a volume label to identify 
       the disk. 
/S     Causes FORMAT to make the new disk bootable by copying 
       system files. 
/1     Causes FORMAT to prepare only one side of a 5-1/4" diskette.
/8     Formats a diskette for 8 sectors per track.
/4     Formats a 360k byte diskette in a high density 5-1/4" drive.
/N     Specifies the number of sectors per track.
/T     Specifies the number of tracks.

To format a 720k byte (normal density) 3-1/2" floppy disk in a 1.44 Mbyte 
(high density) diskette drive, specify FORMAT as follows:

FORMAT d: /N:9 /T:80

Do not use the /N and /T switches when formatting a diskette in a normal 
density disk drive.
FORMATLD is a batch file that automatically supplies the correct 
parameters to format normal density 3 1/2" diskettes in high (1.44 Mbyte) 
or normal (720k byte) density diskette drives.  To protect yourself 
against possible data loss as a result of incorrect formatting, you 
should use this batch file to format normal density 3-1/2" diskettes.

To use this batch file to format a normal density diskette in drive A, 
for example, specify the following command:

FORMATLD a:
The GRAFTABL command loads additional character data into a table in 
memory for use with a color or graphics adapter.  GRAFTABL has the 
following format:

GRAFTABL [nnn | /STATUS]

where nnn is any of the following:  437 (United States); 850 
(Multilingual); 860 (Portuguese); 863 (Canadian-French); 865 (Nordic).

The /STATUS option displays the active code page.

The GRAFTABL command may be used multiple times to change the loaded 
characters.
The GRAPHICS command activates the print-screen facility.  GRAPHICS has 
the following format:

GRAPHICS [printer] [/R] [/B] [/P=port]

where

/R     Prints black and white exactly as seen on the screen.  The
       default is to print black as white and white as black.
/B     Prints the background in color.  This option is valid only for 
       COLOR4 and COLOR8 printers.
/P     Sets the parallel printer port to which the output will be sent. 
       port can be 1, 2, or 3.

The printer option may be one of the following:

COLOR1    IBM Personal Computer Color Printer with black ribbon.
COLOR4    IBM Personal Computer Color Printer with RGB (red, blue, and 
          black) ribbon.
COLOR8    IBM Personal Computer Color Printer with CMY (cyan, magenta, 
          yellow and black) ribbon.
COMPACT   IBM Personal Computer Compact Printer.
GRAPHICS  IBM Personal Computer Graphics Printer.

After you enter the command, pressing Fn-PrtSc (the Print Screen key) 
prints the contents of the screen.  GRAPHICS remains in effect until you 
restart your system.
GRiD386 is a memory manager for the GRiDCASE 1530 computer.  It allows 
you to configure some or all of the extended memory in your GRiDCASE 1530 
computer as EMS memory.

GRiD386 is a device driver that must be installed in your CONFIG.SYS file 
with a line like the following:

DEVICE=[d:][path]GRID386.SYS options

where

d:path refers to the disk and path where you've copied GRID386.SYS, and 
options refers to additional options and associated parameters listed in 
the GRiD386 User's Guide.
GRiDCache is a utility program separately available from GRiD that can 
increase your GRiD computer system performance by disk caching.  
GRiDCache can be used on any GRiD computer running GRiD MS-DOS version 
3.2 or later. GRiDCache supports all GRiD disk drives except for 
removable cartridge-type drives.

GRiDCache is a device driver that must be installed in your CONFIG.SYS 
file with a line like the following:

DEVICE=[d:][path]GRIDCACH.SYS options

where

d:path refers to the disk and path where you've copied GRIDCACH.SYS, and 
options refers to additional options listed in the GRiDCache User's 
Guide.
The GRiDSCAN command displays information about your GRiD computer 
hardware configuration.  The following information is included:

System BIOS date
Processor type
Coprocessor type, if installed
Amount of conventional RAM installed and free
Amount of expanded and/or extended memory installed and free
Type and size of internal and external disk drives  
Type of other external devices attached  
Keyboard firmware date  
GRID VGA cartridge BIOS date or built-in VGA BIOS version number, if 
installed  
Modem type and PROM checksum, if installed  
Serial port number (COM1 or COM2)  
Color mapping method
Information on ROMs installed
The HELP command provides information about MS-DOS commands and your GRiD 
computer.

-  Type "HELP" at the command prompt to start HELP, or type 
   "HELP topic" to go straight to help on a specific topic.
-  Press Alt-Q at any time to exit HELP.
-  Press F1 at any time to get context-sensitive help on HELP.
-  Press Alt-P to print the currently-displayed help topic.

Examples of valid HELP commands include:

C>HELP
C>HELP APPEND
C>HELP MODE
This command joins a disk drive to a specific path.  If the path does not 
exist, MS-DOS tries to make a directory with that path.  The path must be 
empty.  After you issue the JOIN command, the first drive name becomes 
invalid, and if you try to use it, MS-DOS displays the error message, "
Invalid Drive".  JOIN has the following format:

JOIN d: [d:][path]

To "unjoin", use the /D switch, as follows:

JOIN d: /D
The following table describes the GRiDCASE keystrokes necessary to 
achieve important keystrokes on an IBM (R) Personal Computer.


IBM Key        GRiD Key              IBM Key         GRiD Key
------------------------------------------------------------------------
End            Fn-RightArrow       | Alt             Alt (left CODE key)
Home           Fn-LeftArrow        | Caps Lock       CpLk
PgDn           Fn-DownArrow        | Enter           Return
PgUp           Fn-UpArrow          | PrtSc           Fn-PrtSc (Fn-W)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
LABEL creates, changes or deletes the volume identification on a disk. 
LABEL has the following format:

LABEL [d:][volume label]

The volume label can be up to 11 characters long. You should not use the 
following characters in a volume label:

* ? / \ | . , ; : + = < > [ ] ( ) & ^

The volume label may include spaces, but may not include tabs.
LINK is a programming tool used to combine separately produced object 
modules into one relocatable load module--a program you can run.

Summary of Methods to Start LINK
1.  LINK
2.  LINK filenames [/switches]
3.  LINK @filespec

Method 1 prompts you through four questions:  object modules to be linked,
 run file, list file, and libraries.

Method 2 consists of the following command line: LINK object-list, 
runfile, listfile, lib-list[/switch...].

Method 3 uses a response file which contains answers to the LINK 
prompts.

See the discussion of LINK in the MS-DOS Reference manual for details.
MS-DOS assigns a second device letter to the internal diskette drive and 
to the first external disk drive, if one exists.  This allows operations 
for those commands that require both a source and target diskette.  The 
drive letters assigned to these "logical drives" depends on your hardware 
configuration.  Common configurations and drive letter assignments are 
listed below.

Configuration                 Device Letters
----------------------------------------------------------------------
1 internal diskette drive     A, B (no hard disk) 
----------------------------------------------------------------------
1 internal diskette drive     A, C     or, depending      B, D
1 external diskette drive     B, D     on floppy drive    A, C
(no hard disk)                         switch settings 
----------------------------------------------------------------------
1 internal diskette drive     A, B
1 hard disk                   C 
----------------------------------------------------------------------
1 internal disk drive         A, D     or, depending      B, E
1 external disk drive         B, E     on floppy drive    A, D
1 hard disk                   C        switch settings    C 
----------------------------------------------------------------------

EXAMPLE: Suppose that drive A is an internal 3 1/2" disk drive, drive B 
is an external 5 1/4" disk drive, and that there is an internal hard 
disk. Drive A is the same as logical drive D and drive B is the same as 
logical drive E.  Hence, to copy a file from a 3 1/2" disk to another 3 
1/2" disk in the same drive, you could type

COPY A:filename D:

MS-DOS would prompt you to insert the source and target disks at 
appropriate times.
LOWPOWER.SYS is a device driver that causes your GRiD computer to beep 
when battery power becomes nearly exhausted.  A set of 3 short beeps 
begins to sound at the same time that the low power light illuminates.  
The beeps continue to sound about once every 15 seconds until power is 
exhausted.

When the beeps begin to sound, you should save your data immediately and 
supply AC power to the computer or switch to a fully charged battery 
pack.

LOWPOWER.SYS is a device driver that must be installed in your CONFIG.SYS 
file with a line like the following:

DEVICE=[d:][path]LOWPOWER.SYS 
The MKDIR (or MD, for make directory) command creates a new directory.  
The MKDIR command has either of the following formats:

MKDIR pathname MD pathname

where pathname can be one or more existing directory names separated by 
backslashes.  The last name is the name of the new directory.  For 
example, the command

MD WEST

creates a directory called WEST subordinate to the current directory.
The MODE command provides options for controlling output devices and code 
page switching. The options are summarized below.  Move the highlight bar 
and press RETURN to display help on a specific option.

MODE LPTn controls output to the printer.

This version of the MODE command determines the width and vertical 
spacing of documents produced by the printer.  This version of the MODE 
command has the following format:

MODE LPTn:[c][,v][,P]

where

n     Is 1, 2, or 3 for the printer to be used.

c     Is either 80 or 132 for the number of characters per line.

v     Is either 6 or 8 for the number of vertical lines per inch.

P     Indicates that you want the computer to retry printing after 
      a time-out error occurs.
MODE BW|CO sets display modes for the screen and monitor.

This version of the MODE command sets the display mode for the computer 
screen and the external monitor.  This version of the MODE command has 
either of the following formats:

MODE n 
or
MODE [n][,s [,t]]

where the n parameter specifies both the type of display attached to your 
computer and the number of characters per line as explained in the table 
below.

n setting  Result

40         40 characters per line on the screen and external monitor. 
80         80 characters per line on the screen and external monitor. 
BW40       40 characters per line on the screen and external monitor; 
           if the external monitor is a color display, the screen
           displays in black and white.
BW80       80 characters per line on the screen and external monitor;
           if the external monitor is a color display, the screen
           displays in black and white.
CO40       40 characters per line on the screen and external monitor; 
           if the external monitor is a color display, the screen
           displays in color.
CO80       80 characters per line on the screen and external monitor; 
           if the external monitor is a color display, the screen
           displays in color.
MONO       Specifies the monochrome display adapter, which is 80 
           characters per line.
s          Is either L (for left) or R (for right) to shift the display
           on an external monitor to the indicated direction.
t          When the t parameter is specified, a test pattern is 
           displayed and you are prompted to indicate if the screen is 
           aligned properly.  This option only works in conjunction 
           with the s parameter and only affects the external monitor.
MODE COMn determines serial port's communications protocol.

This version of the MODE command turns on the serial port and specifies 
the protocol to be used.  This version of the MODE command has the 
following format:

MODE COMn:baud[,parity[,databits[,stopbits[,P]]]]

where

COMn      Specify COM1, COM2, COM3, or COM4, indicating the port number.
          This is a required parameter; you must always specify a
          port number.
baud      Is 110, 150, 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, or 19,200.
parity    Is N (none), O (odd) or E (even). The default is E.
databits  Is 7 or 8. The default is 7.
stopbits  Is 1 or 2. The default is 1.
P         Indicates that you want the computer to retry printing after a
          time-out error occurs on a serial printer.
MODE LPTx=COMy redirects parallel printer output.

This version of the MODE command causes output printed on a parallel 
printer to be redirected to a printer connected to the serial port.  This 
version of the MODE command has the following format:

MODE LPTx=COMy

where

x     Is 1, 2, or 3 for the printer number.

y     Is 1, 2, 3, or 4 for the serial port.
MODE CODEPAGE PREPARE prepares code page.

This version of the MODE command prepares code pages for a given device.  
It has the following format:

MODE device CODEPAGE PREPARE=((cp)[drive:][path]filename)
or
MODE device CODEPAGE PREPARE=((cplist)[drive:][path]filename)

where

device    Specifies one of CON, PRN, LPT1, LPT2, LPT3.

cp        Specifies one code page number:  437, 850, 860, 863, 865.

cplist    Specifies a list of code pages.

filename  Specifies file containing code pages:
          4201.CPI - IBM Proprinter
          5202.CPI - IBM Quietwriter III Printer
          EGA.CPI  - EGA type devices
          LCD.CPI  - IBM Convertible LCD
MODE CODEPAGE SELECT specifies the code page.

This version of the MODE command specifies which code page should be used 
with a device.  The code page must have been prepared using Option 5.  
The format of the command is:

MODE device  CODEPAGE SELECT=cp

where

device    Specifies one of CON, PRN, LPT1, LPT2, LPT3.

cp        Specifies one code page number:  437, 850, 860, 863, 865.
MODE CODEPAGE displays current code pages

This version of the MODE command displays the current code pages prepared 
and/or selected for a device.  The format of the command is:

MODE device CODEPAGE [/STATUS]
MODE CODEPAGE REFRESH reestablishes the active code page.

This version of the MODE command reestablishes the active code page if it 
has been lost.  The format of the command is:

MODE device CODEPAGE REFRESH

where

device    Specifies one of CON, PRN, LPT1, LPT2, LPT3.
See the CONFIG command for information about operating the internal 
modem.
The MORE command sends output to the display one screen at a time.  MORE 
has the following format:

MORE

The MORE command is useful for viewing a long file one screen at a time. 
If you type

TYPE MYFILES.TXT | MORE

MS-DOS displays the file MYFILES.TXT one screen at a time.  You scroll 
through each screen by pressing any key.
The NLSFUNC command loads country-specific information.  It supports the 
use of extended country-specific information and code page switching.  
The format of the command is:

NLSFUNC [[drive:][path]filename]

where filename specifies the file containing country-specific 
information.  

The default value is defined by the COUNTRY command in your CONFIG.SYS.  
If no COUNTRY command exists in your CONFIG.SYS file, the COUNTRY.SYS 
file in your root directory is used.  To use the default country-specific 
information, type NLSFUNC.  

The NLSFUNC command must be issued prior to using the CHCP command.
The PATH command sets a command search path.  PATH has the following 
format:

PATH [pathname[;pathname]...]

This command allows you to tell MS-DOS which directories should be 
searched for external commands after MS-DOS searches the current 
directory.  The default is no path.

For example, to tell MS-DOS to look in the \DOS directory for external 
commands, type

PATH \DOS

You can tell MS-DOS to search more than one path by specifying several 
pathnames separated by semicolons.

The command PATH with no options displays the current path.  If you 
specify

PATH ;

MS-DOS sets the NUL path, meaning that only the current directory is 
searched for external commands.
The PRINT command prints a file in the background, allowing you to use 
your computer for other work.  PRINT has the following format:

PRINT [[filespec][/D:device][/B:size][/U:ticks][/M:ticks][/S:timeslices]
      [/Q:value][/T][/C][/P]]...

where

filespec is the file to be printed, and

/D     Specifies the print device.  If not specified, the default device
       is PRN.   PRINT prompts for a print device. 
/B     Sets the size (in bytes) of the internal buffer.  Increasing the 
       value of /B speeds up the PRINT command.
/U     Sets the number of clock ticks that PRINT will wait for a 
       printer.  The job is not run if the printer is not available 
       in the specified time.  The default is 1.
/M     Sets the number of clock ticks that PRINT can take to print a 
       character on the printer.  The default is 2.
/S     Sets the number of time slices used by MS-DOS for the PRINT 
       command. The default is 8.  The range of values can be from 
       1 to 255.
/Q     Specifies the number of files allowed in the print queue if you
       want more than 10.  The minimum value for the /Q switch is 4; the
       maximum is 32.
/T     Deletes all files in the print queue.
/C     Turns on cancel mode.  The preceding filespec and all following 
       filespecs are suspended in the print queue until you specify 
       PRINT with a /P switch.
/P     Turns on print mode.  The preceding filespec and all following 
       filespecs are added to the print queue until a /C switch is
       specified.

PRINT with no options displays the contents of the print queue.
PRINTER.SYS is an installable device driver that supports code page 
switching for parallel ports LPT1, LPT2, and LPT3.  The port name PRN may 
be substituted for LPT1 to refer to the first parallel port.  

To install PRINTER.SYS, include a command line of the following form in 
your CONFIG.SYS file.

DEVICE = [drive:][path]PRINTER.SYS LPTx= (type[,[hwcp][,n]])
or
DEVICE = [drive:][path]PRINTER.SYS LPTx= (type[,[hwcp1, hwcp2...][,n]])

where

type     Printer in use:  4201 - IBM 4201 Proprinter family,
         5202 - IBM 5202 Quietwriter III

hwcp     Code page supported by the hardware:  437 (United States),
         850 (Multilingual), 860 (Portugal), 863 (Canadian-French),
         865 (Norway).

n        Number of additional code pages that can be supported; the
         maximum is 12 and is dependent on the hardware.
The PROMPT command allows you to change the MS-DOS command prompt.  
PROMPT has the following format:

PROMPT [prompt text]

If no text is typed, the prompt is set to the default prompt, which is 
the default drive designation.  You can change the prompt by specifying 
for prompt text a dollar sign followed by a special character as shown 
below.

 Character Resulting Prompt       Character Resulting Prompt 
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
| $$       $                     | $t       current time              |
| $d       current date          | $p       default drive's directory |
| $v       version number        | $n       default drive             |
| $g       > character           | $l       '<' character             |
| $b       | character           | $h       backspace                 |
| $q       = character           | $_       CR LF sequence            |
| $e       ASCII code for escape |                                    | 
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

For example, the command

PROMPT Time = $t$_Date = $d

sets a two line prompt which prints:

Time = (current time) Date = (current date) To change back to the 
original prompt simply type PROMPT.
RAMDRIVE is a utility that, when installed, effectively creates another 
logical disk drive. To install the RAMDRIVE.SYS driver, add the following 
line to the CONFIG.SYS file:

DEVICE=RAMDRIVE.SYS [disksize][,sectorsize][,#directory entries][/E][/A]

[disksize] is an optional parameter used to specify the size of the RAM 
disk.  The default is 64K and the minimum value is 16K.

[sectorsize] is an optional parameter to specify the sector size in 
bytes. The default value is 128.  Acceptable values are 128, 256, 512.

[#directory entries] is an optional parameter used to specify the number 
of directory entries in the root directory.  The default is 64 and the 
range available is from 2 to 1024 entries.

/E     Uses extended memory for the RAM disk. Cannot be used with the /A
       switch.
/A     Uses expanded (EMS) memory for the RAM disk. Cannot be used with 
       the /E switch.

NOTE:  Remember that this is a RAM disk and, therefore, data or programs
       stored in it are lost when the power is turned off or the 
       computer is rebooted.
The RECOVER command recovers a file or an entire diskette containing bad 
sectors.  RECOVER has the following format:

RECOVER filename | d:

If a sector on a disk is bad, you can recover either the file containing 
that sector or the entire disk (if the bad sector was in the directory).

To recover a particular file, type:

RECOVER filename

where filename is the name of the file to be recovered.

To recover a disk, type:

RECOVER d:

where d: is the letter of the drive containing the disk to be recovered.

CAUTION: Be careful when you use the RECOVER command on a disk.  It 
         renames all of the files using the format FILE0001.REC, 
         FILE0002.REC, etc.  It is recommended that you backup the 
         files before attempting to recover a disk.
The REN command (rename) lets you change the names of one or more files. 
The REN command has the following format:

REN filespec1 filespec2

where

filespec1 identifies the names of the file(s) you want to rename

filespec2 is the new file name.

EXAMPLES: The command

REN MYFILE.TXT YOURFILE.TXT

changes the name of MYFILE.TXT to YOURFILE.TXT.  The command

RENAME B:*.LST *.PRN

changes the names of all files on drive B with the .LST extension to 
similar names with the .PRN extension.
The REPLACE command updates previous versions of files.  REPLACE has the 
following format:

REPLACE filespec1 [filespec2] [/A] [/P] [/R] [/S] [/W]

filespec1 is the source file or directory and filespec2 is the 
destination.

/A     Adds new files in the target directory.  May not be used with /S. 
/P     Prompts you before replacing a target file or adding a source 
       file.
/R     Replaces read-only files as well as unprotected files.
/S     Causes REPLACE to search all subdirectories of the target 
       directory while it replaces matching files.  May not be used 
       with /A.
/W     Waits for you to press any key before replacing files.
The RESTORE command restores files that have been backed up by BACKUP. 
Files backed up with BACKUP are not immediately accessible; you must use 
the RESTORE command to return the files to their original locations to 
make them usable.  RESTORE has the following format:

RESTORE d1: [d2:][pathname] [/S][/P][/A:mm-dd-yy][/B:mm-dd-yy][/E:hh:mm]
        [/L:hh:mm][/M][/N]

where

d1     Specifies the disk drive where the files are backed up.
d2     Specifies the disk drive where the files are to be restored.  
       If you don't specify a pathname, the files are restored to 
       the current directory; otherwise, they're restored to 
       the specified directory.
/S     Restores files at all levels of subdirectories, as well as in the
       specified directory.
/P     Makes RESTORE prompt you before restoring hidden or 
       read-only files.
/A     Restores only files modified on or after the specified date.
/B     Restores only files modified on or before the specified date.
/E     Restores only files modified at or earlier than the 
       specified time.
/L     Restores only files modified at or later than the specified time.
/M     Restores only files modified since the last backup. 
/N     Restores only files that no longer exist on the target disk.

EXAMPLE:  The command

RESTORE  A: C: /S

restores all files on disk drive A to disk drive C.
The RMDIR command (remove directory) erases a directory name.  The RMDIR 
command has either of the following formats:

RMDIR [pathname] RD [pathname]

All the files in the directory must be deleted before the RMDIR command 
will erase the directory.
The SET command sets one string equivalent to another string in the 
MS-DOS environment for use in other programs and batch files.  SET has 
the following format:

SET [string=string]

If you enter SET with no arguments, MS-DOS displays the current 
environment settings.
The SETPASS utility allows you to set a password for your computer. It is 
available on GRiDCASE 1500 Series computers only. 

If you set a password on your computer, you will be required to enter the 
password each time you turn on or restart the computer. The password must 
be entered to gain access to the files and programs stored on the 
computer. If the password is not entered correctly, the computer simply 
restarts and prompts you for it again.

To activate or change the password, enter the command SETPASS. The 
password screen is displayed, giving you the ability to activate, 
disable, or change the password. You also can choose the language used 
for the password prompt.

If you have set a password and you forget it, you must call the GRiD 
Resource Center to obtain a new password.

SETPASS will not work properly on systems that remap the keyboard.
The SHARE command is used only when networking is active.  It is usually 
included in the AUTOEXEC.BAT file to install file sharing.  SHARE has the 
following format:

SHARE [/F:space][/L:locks]

where

/F     Sets the file space to allocate (in bytes) for the area MS-DOS
       uses to record filesharing information.  Each file that is open 
       needs the length of the full filename plus 11 bytes (the average
       pathname is 20 bytes).  The default value for /F is 2048 bytes.
/L     Sets the number of locks you want to allow. The default value 
       for the /L switch is 20.
The SHOWMEM command displays the amount and type of total and free memory 
available in your computer.  Free memory refers to the amount of memory 
that is currently unused and available for programs and data.  SHOWMEM 
has the following format:

SHOWMEM
The SORT command reads input, sorts the data, and outputs the sorted 
data. SORT has the following format:

SORT [filespec] [/R] [/+n]

where

/R     Specifies that the sort is to be done in reverse sort order.
/+n    Indicates that sorting is to be done beginning with the 
       nth column.

SORT is especially useful in conjunction with redirected input and 
output.

For example, the command

DIR | SORT /+14

causes the directory to be sorted starting with column 14 and displayed 
on the screen.
The SUBST (substitute) command creates or deletes a "virtual drive" by 
associating a pathname with a drive letter.  The SUBST command has the 
following format:

SUBST [d:][pathname] [/D]

Use the /D switch to delete an associated drive or pathname.  You can 
specify this switch immediately after the drive name.

For example, the command:

SUBST p: c:\ws\status\may

creates a virtual drive P for the pathname "c:\ws\status\may".  Now you 
can refer to this directory by simply typing "p:".

NOTE:  You may need to use the LASTDRIVE command in your CONFIG.SYS 
       file in order to create a virtual drive beyond drive E, since 
       initially, MS-DOS recognizes only drives A through E. Refer to
       the CONFIG.SYS command LASTDRIVE in the MS-DOS Reference manual
       for details.
The SYS command transfers the MS-DOS system files to any other storage 
media, such as a floppy or hard disk, to make that media bootable.  SYS 
has the following format:

SYS d:

where d: is the letter of the device containing the media to receive the 
MS-DOS system files.

NOTE:  In order for an MS-DOS system disk to be bootable, the disk must 
       contain the COMMAND.COM file.  SYS will not automatically copy
       this file to the target diskette; you must manually transfer 
       COMMAND.COM, using the COPY command, to the target diskette.
Many GRiD computers have microprocessors that can run at either fast or 
slow speeds.  If your GRiD computer has two speeds, you will generally 
want to run it at its fastest speed; this is the default.  If some 
programs don't seem to work properly at the higher speed, try switching 
to the slow speed.

You can change the processor speed directly from the keyboard by pressing 
CTRL-ALT-FN-DownArrow to select slow speed, or CTRL-ALT-FN-UpArrow to 
select fast speed.

You can also use the CONFIG SPEED option to change the processor speed.  
See the topic CONFIG SPEED for more information.
The TIME command displays the current time as recorded by the computer 
and lets you change it, if you wish.  The time you set determines the 
time you see in a file directory noting when the file was accessed.  TIME 
has the following format:

TIME [hh[:mm][:ss][.cc]]

where

hh  represents the hour and can be any number from 00 to 23.

mm  represents the minute and can be any number from 00 to 59.

The format of the time can be altered by the setting of the COUNTRY 
command in your CONFIG.SYS file.

NOTE:  When setting the time, you don't have to enter ss (seconds)
       or cc (hundredths of seconds).
TREE displays the path (and optionally lists the contents) of each 
directory and subdirectory on the given drive.  TREE has the following 
format:

TREE [d:] [/F]

The /F switch causes TREE to display the names of the files in each 
directory.
The TYPE command displays the contents of a file on the screen.  TYPE has 
the following format:

TYPE [d:] filename

TYPE displays the data in the specified file on the screen.  To 
temporarily halt the scrolling, press CTRL-S; to resume scrolling, press 
any key.
The VER (version) command displays the release number of the version of 
MS-DOS running on your computer.  The version number is important when 
experiencing operating problems because you need to ensure that you are 
using the version of MS-DOS required by your applications.
The VERIFY command controls verification of disk write operations.  
VERIFY has the following format:

VERIFY [ON | OFF]

This command has the same effect as the /V switch in the COPY command.  
If you want to verify that all files written to a disk are readable, you 
can use the VERIFY command to tell MS-DOS to verify this.

VERIFY ON remains in effect until you issue a VERIFY OFF command to 
MS-DOS or you run a program that turns verification off.  If you want to 
know what the current setting of VERIFY is, type VERIFY with no options.
The VOL command displays the disk volume label, if it exists.  VOL has 
the following format:

VOL [d:]

where d: is the drive to be checked for a volume label.  If no drive is 
specified, MS-DOS prints the volume label of the default disk.
Copies files and directories, including lower level directories if they 
exist.  XCOPY has the following format:

XCOPY filespec1 [filespec2] [/A][/D:mm-dd-yy][/E][/M][/P][/S][/V][/W]

where

/A     Copies source files that have their archive attribute set.  It
       does not modify the archive attribute of the source file.  Refer
       to the ATTRIB command for information on how to set the archive
       attribute.
/D:mm-dd-yy  Copies source files that were modified on or after the date
       specified by mm-dd-yy.  Note that the date format may vary 
       depending on the country code you are using. 
/E     Copies any subdirectories, even if they are empty.  You can only 
       use this switch if you also specify the /S switch.
/M     Copies all source files that have their archive attribute set, 
       and turns off the archive attribute in the source file.  See the
       ATTRIB command for information on how to set the archive 
       attribute of a file.
/P     Prompts you with "(Y/N)?", allowing you to confirm whether you 
       want to create each target file.
/S     Copies directories and lower level subdirectories unless they are
       empty.  If you omit this switch, XCOPY works within a single
       directory.
/V     Causes XCOPY to verify each file as it is written to the target 
       to make sure that the target files are readable.
/W     Causes XCOPY to wait before it starts copying files.  XCOPY 
       displays the message:

       "Press any key when ready to start copying files"

       You must press a key to continue, or press CTRL-C to abort the 
       XCOPY command.

Because the DISKCOPY command copies disks track-by-track, it requires 
your source and target disks to have the same format.  So if you want to 
make a copy of a disk that contains files in subdirectories to a target 
disk that has a different format, you must use the XCOPY command.

EXAMPLE: The command

XCOPY A: C: /S /E

copies all of the files and subdirectories (including any empty 
subdirectories) on the disk in drive A to hard disk drive C.
The Topic menu lists the topics on which help is available.

The menu bar (the highlighted bar on the first line of the screen) 
displays the commands available in the Topic menu.  These commands and 
their actions are as follows:

    Key      Command     Action
    ---      -------     ------
    F1       Help        Display this help text
    Alt-Q    Quit        Exit HELP and return to MS-DOS
    Alt-C    Color       Change screen attributes to color
    Alt-M    Monochrome  Change screen attributes to monochrome
    ESC      Cancel      Return to the previous level, in 
                         this case, MS-DOS
    RETURN   Display     Display help text for the highlighted topic

You select a topic by following these steps:

   1.  Move the highlighted bar to the topic with the arrow keys or
       alphanumeric keys

   2.  Press RETURN

The help text for the topic then appears.  Press ESC to return to the 
Topic menu from the help text.

The arrow keys functions as follows:

    Key         Function
    ---         --------
    Up arrow    Moves the highlight bar up one topic
    Down arrow  Moves the highlight bar down one topic
    PgUp        Moves the highlight bar up several topics
    PgDn        Moves the highlight bar down several topics
    Home        Moves the highlight bar to the first topic
    End         Moves the highlight bar to the last topic
    A-Z, 1-9    Moves the highlight bar to the next topic beginning
                with that letter or number

When you run HELP, you can skip the Topic menu and go directly to the 
Help Display by typing the topic name on the command line; for instance, 
the command

    C>HELP APPEND

will display the help text for the APPEND command.
HELP is now displaying help text for a topic you have selected.

The menu bar (the highlighted bar on the first line of the screen) 
displays the commands available in the Help Display.  These commands and 
their actions are as follows:

    Key         Command     Action
    ---         -------     ------
    F1          Help        Display this help text
    Alt-Q       Quit        Exit HELP and return to MS-DOS
    ESC         Quit        Return to the previous level, in this case,
                            the Topic menu
    Alt-P       Print       Print this topic's help text to LPT1:
    Alt-C       Color       Change screen attributes to color
    Alt-M       Monochrome  Change screen attributes to monochrome
    Up arrow    Scroll      Scrolls the help text, if there is more than
                            one screenful
    Down arrow  Scroll      Scrolls the help text, if there is more than
                            one screenful
    PgUp        Scroll      Scrolls the help text, if there is more than
                            one screenful
    PgDn        Scroll      Scrolls the help text, if there is more than
                            one screenful

If there is more than one screenful of help text for this topic, an arrow 
appears in the lower-left corner of the window.  This can be either an up 
arrow, a down arrow, or an up/down arrow.  The up arrow indicates more 
help text is available by scrolling up (Up arrow or PgUp).  The down 
arrow indicates that more help text is available by scrolling down (Down 
arrow or PgDn).  The up/down arrow indicates that more help text is 
available by scrolling up or down.
HELP is now displaying a list of subtopics for the topic you have 
selected.  Each subtopic name is followed by a brief description of the 
subtopic.  You can get extensive help on a specific subtopic by moving 
the highlight bar to that topic and pressing RETURN.  Then press ESC to 
return to the list of subtopics.

The arrow keys functions as follows:

    Key         Function
    ---         --------
    Up arrow    Moves the highlight bar up one subtopic
    Down arrow  Moves the highlight bar down one subtopic
    PgUp        Moves the highlight bar up several subtopics
    PgDn        Moves the highlight bar down several subtopics
